Iraq (Republic of Iraq) is located in southwest Asia and northeast of the Arabian Peninsula. There are many countries bordering it. In the south are Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, in the north is Turkey, and in the northwest is Syria. Iran and Jordan are on the east and west sides of the country. Arabs make up about 73% of the country's total population, and Kurds make up about 21%. Muslims in the country make up about 95% of the population, of which Shiite Muslims account for 54.5% and Sunni Muslims account for 40.5%. The official language is Arabic, the official language of the northern Kurdish region is Kurdish, and some residents of the eastern region speak Persian.

The area where Iraq is located was once called Mesopotamia in history, and is one of the main birthplaces of human civilization. The oil industry is the backbone of Iraq's economy, and its crude oil reserves rank fourth in the world, after Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and Iran.