Turkmenistan (Turkmen: T¨¹rkmenistan) is a Central Asian country and one of the republics of the former Soviet Union. It was named Turkmenistan Soviet Socialist Republic during the Soviet period and became independent from the Soviet Union in 1991.

Turkmenistan is located to the north of Iran, borders Afghanistan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the northeast, Kazakhstan to the northwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west. It is a landlocked country. With an area of ​​491,200 square kilometers, it is the second largest Central Asian country after Kazakhstan; it ranks 52 in the world, slightly smaller than Spain, but larger than California. Turkmenistan is rich in oil and natural gas resources, and its natural gas reserves rank fifth in the world.

Since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, due to the weakening of Russia's local influence, the country has also begun to vigorously promote Islamic culture.

Although Turkmenistan is one of the driest regions in the world, it is rich in natural gas (the fifth in the world) and oil resources, and the oil and gas industry is the country's pillar industry. As for agriculture, cotton and wheat are mainly grown, and there is also animal husbandry (Akhalty, Golden Horse, etc.).

The country is often threatened by earthquakes because it is located on the Mediterranean seismic belt. In terms of diplomacy, the United Nations recognized Turkmenistan as a permanently neutral country on December 12, 1995.